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Hello Class (we'll change this site as we meet in class)
WELCOME!
Here is our Statistics class' page. We will try to keep this page up-to-date with materials that the class sees as important. As a warning, it is very difficult to earn an "A" in statistics. My job is not to give out "A's," but rather to help you learn Statistics so you can become more valuable to your employers, staff, customers, clients, or the organization you may own. To do well in Statistics requires about 20 hours a week of studying and working problems. You can do this if you try and I promise to help.
Craig Some Handouts
Syllabus
for
Examples and Templates for Writing Objectives
Examples and Templates for Writing Objectives WEEK ASSIGNMENTS (The following material
will change after each class) Week 1: 1. Read introduction and Chapters 1-3, pp. 9-53 and follow corresponding part
of module material. 2. Do as much as you can of Practice Set #1.
Homework: Download Here Presentation for Week 1 Introduction to Instructor Statistical
Resources (At this link, look up the following) Statistics Defined at top of page Descriptive Stats Inferential Stats Some Definitions
(At this link, look up the following) Variable Types Measures of Central Tendency (page 48) describe and locate the center of
the data Mean (average of data set) Sample mean (Xbar) Population Mean (m) Median (Sample median = x^~ = middle value) Mode (measurement that occurs most often) Stem-and-Leaf Plot Histogram
Week 2: 1. Do (to be handed in) Problem Set #1 assigned in the first
class. 2. Read Chapters 3-5, pp. 53-99 and follow corresponding part of module
material. 3. Do Practice Set #2 and be prepared to share your work in class. Week 2 Presentation Here is how you use Excel to calculate the basic stats. Step 1. Find your original disk with The Excel
Operation System on it, you may need it. Step 2. Open Excel (Go to help and look up
Statistics). Excel will walk you through the statistics
information. (at this point you are doing Descriptive Statistics and Z
test.) Step 3. You will find the appropriate Excel capabilities
on the Main Toolbar, under Tools. Step 4. Look at Data
Analysis Step 5. Select Descriptive
Statistics and/or Z Test.
Play around with the functionality of the software, call your class mates, and
ask some computer people you know to help you figure out how to manipulate the
data. It will be a great tool. The first part of the class was spent working through problem set number 1 then
taking the Quiz. The rest of the class was spent working the practice set number 2 and
learning the new material. The new material is available below. Link to Descriptive Stats
on This Website. Week 3: 1. Do (to be handed in) Problem Set #2 you were given in the previous
class. 2. Read Chapters 6-7, pp. 102 - 123, and 128 - 141 and follow corresponding
part of module material. 3. Do Practice Set #3 and be prepared to share your work in class. Week 3 Presentation Download Homework
for Week Three During class we had several typos in the module's
materials. Here is a link to see the correct formulas for t-test
and z-test. If we want to be 95% sure (for a Z value on a normal distribution
curve), then [ (x bar) + or - (2 (SDV/(Square Root of
N))) From Page 35 in workbook. Why 2 x SDV here? We wanted 95% confidence in our numbers. The Empirical Rule for 95%
confidence is 2 SDVs. This means our number has to fall within 2 Standard Deviations of the Mean.
To find percentages other than those below, we would go to the z distribution
tables found in most statistic books. Design a method (process) that will help you solve the problems. Null Hypothesis
– A statement which we consider true until we have evidence which leads to its
rejection. Confidence Intervals:
What are the assumptions
behind tests of hypotheses and confidence intervals? Test of hypotheses and
confidence intervals require the assumption that the observations are normally
and independently distributed random variables. A Concept Important to Your Research for Your Project:
t Random Variable
– is the value assigned to the outcome of a random sample. Z Statistic – A statistic having the standard normal (or
Gaussian) distribution. It arises in test of a mean which is compared to a
known variance. Degrees of Freedom – Are the number of independent elements
that go into a statistic. An independent comparison. Number of pieces of
information that are independent of one another in that they cannot be deduced
from one another. Assumptions to justify the t-test: The observations Yi (just
another name for observations) are normally and independently distributed. Look again at the table above for the Z and t tests. The
t-test uses a smaller sample and/or unknown population variances,
therefore...The t-test has heaver tales. The t-distribution is less exact
than the Z-test therefore the deviation from the mean will be more spread
out. Also, remember the t-table just gives us the information on the right side of
the "normal-looking" curve. We may be looking for a number
smaller than a given value. To find the information on the left side (or possibly values greater than a
specific number), then we would use the value we find in the table and
subtract it from the mean. For numbers between two values, or two standard
deviations, or within a certain confidence interval from the mean we would use a
two tailed test. Week 4: 1. Do (to be handed in) Problem Set #3 you were given in the previous
class. 2. Read pp. 99 - 101, 124 - 127, and 150 - 154 and follow corresponding part
of module material (especially chi square test). 3. Do Practice Set #4 and be prepared to share your work in class. 4. Scan (reading some parts in detail) How to Lie with Statistics by Darrell
Huff and Irving Geis on library reserve. Week 4 Presentation We spent most of the time just working problems, so we had very few slides. Week 5: 1. Do (to be handed in) Problem Set #4 you were given in the previous
class. 2. Read Chapter 8 and postscript, pp. 155 - 190. 3. Hand in your Summary Paper. Week 6: Hand in your Statistics Project Exercise Sheets with Instructor Comments
Cover Sheet. (p.79). Keep a copy of the returned Instructor Comments Cover Sheet and the
Statistics Project Exercise Sheets. Be sure to send a copy of all these graded
documents to your Project Thesis Coordinator (with comments).
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